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The root of the lung is a group of structures that emerge at the hilum of each lung, just above the middle of the mediastinal surface and behind the cardiac impression of the lung. It is nearer to the back (posterior border) than the front (anterior border). The root of the lung is connected by the structures that form it to the heart and the ...
Lung cancer most commonly metastasizes to the brain, bones, liver, and adrenal glands. [14] Lung cancer can often appear as a solitary pulmonary nodule on a chest radiograph or CT scan. In lung cancer screening studies as many as 30% of those screened have a lung nodule, the majority of which turn out to be benign. [15]
The Pancoast tumor was first described by Hare in 1838 as a "tumor involving certain nerves". [2] It was not until 1924 that the tumor was described in further detail, when Henry Pancoast, a radiologist from Philadelphia, published an article in which he reported and studied many cases of apical chest tumors that all shared the same radiographic findings and associated clinical symptoms, such ...
Lung tumor; A chest X-ray showing a tumor in the lung (marked by arrow) Specialty: Oncology Pulmonology: Symptoms: Coughing (including coughing up blood), weight loss, shortness of breath, chest pains [1] Complications: Lung cancer: Causes: Smoking Radon gas Asbestos Air pollution Genetics
Small cell lung cancer is often treated as a systematic disease due to its tendency for early dissemination, [4] thus, instead of the traditional TNM staging system, the Veterans' Administration Lung Study Group (VALSG) introduced a simplified 2-stage system in the 1950s to divide small cell lung cancer into limited stage and extensive stage. [7]
Lung squamous-cell carcinoma is the second most common histologic type of lung cancer after adenocarcinoma, reaching 22.6% of all lung cancer cases as of 2012. [11] The relative incidence of the former has been steadily decreasing in favor of the latter due to the decreasing smoking rates in the last few years. [9]
Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) has long been divided into two clinicopathological stages, termed limited stage (LS) and extensive stage (ES). [8] The stage is generally determined by the presence or absence of metastases, whether or not the tumor appears limited to the thorax, and whether or not the entire tumor burden within the chest can feasibly be encompassed within a single radiotherapy ...
Hilum of the liver. In human anatomy, the hilum (/ ˈ h aɪ l ə m /; pl.: hila), sometimes formerly called a hilus (/ ˈ h aɪ l ə s /; pl.: hili), is a depression or fissure where structures such as blood vessels and nerves enter an organ. Examples include: Hilum of kidney, admits the renal artery, vein, ureter, and nerves