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The Philippine Organic Act (c. 1369, 32 Stat. 691) that was enacted by the United States Congress on July 1, 1902 was the basic law for the Insular Government. It is also known as the Philippine Bill of 1902 and the Cooper Act , after its author Henry A. Cooper .
The Philippine Organic Act was passed by the United States Congress in 1902 enshrining into more permanent law the commission's legislative and executive authority. As stipulated in that act, the bicameral Philippine Legislature was established in 1907, with the Commission as the upper house and the elected Philippine Assembly acting as lower ...
The United States of America gained control of the Philippines following the 1898 Spanish–American War and the subsequent Philippine–American War. [4] In 1902, the United States Congress passed the first organic act for the Philippines, the Philippine Organic Act, which acted like a constitution from 1902 until it was replaced by the Jones Act of 1916.
The following year, on July 4, 1902, the civil governor became the sole executive authority of the islands. [37] Chaffee remained as Commander of the Philippine Division until September 30, 1902. [38] The title was changed to "Governor-General" in 1905 by Act of Congress (Public 43 – February 6, 1905). [37]
The Taft Commission, also known as the Second Philippine Commission (Filipino: Ikalawang Komisyon ng Pilipinas, Spanish: Segunda Comisión de Filipinas), was established by United States President William McKinley on March 16, 1900, following the recommendations of the First Philippine Commission, using presidential war powers while the U.S. was engaged in the Philippine–American War.
The procedures for appointment of the resident commissioners were ambiguous and a source of friction. [2] Under the Philippine Organic Act of 1902, the two resident commissioners were to be elected by the Philippine Legislature, with each chamber (the entirely-appointed, American-majority Philippine Commission and the fully-elected and all-Filipino Philippine Assembly) voting separately.
The act also extended the United States Bill of Rights to the Philippines. [1] [2] The Philippine Legislature convened its first session on October 16, 1907, at the Manila Grand Opera House. Conflict between the bodies, the American-majority commission and the all-Filipino, Nacionalista-led assembly, were not uncommon.
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