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A typical altitude encoder, the ACK Technologies A-30. Note the 15-way D-type connector to send the Gillham code to the transponder and the port on the top of the case that connects to the aircraft's static pressure system. An altitude encoder takes the form of a small metal box containing a pressure sensor and signal conditioning electronics.
The altitude information is passed to the transponder using a modified form of the modified Gray code called a Gillham code. Mode A and C responses are used to help air traffic controllers identify a particular aircraft's position and altitude on a radar screen, in order to maintain separation. [2]
Mode C uses a spacing of 21 μs, and requests the aircraft's pressure altitude, provided by the altitude encoder. Mode 2 uses a spacing of 5 μs and requests the aircraft to transmit its Military identification code. The latter is only assigned to Military aircraft and so only a small percentage of aircraft actually reply to a mode 2 interrogation.
Without the pressure altitude reporting, the air traffic controller has no display of accurate altitude information, and must rely on the altitude reported by the pilot via radio. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Similarly, the traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS) installed on some aircraft needs the altitude information supplied by transponder signals.
Reserved for special use by FAA. [3] 7710–7776 US: External ARTCC subset (block of discrete codes). [3] 7776 Europe The Mode A code 7776 is assigned as a test code by the ORCAM Users Group, specifically for the testing of transponders. [18] 7777 US, Germany, UK, Belgium, Netherlands
The TSO authorization (also called TSOA) or a letter of TSO Design Approval does not necessarily convey approval for installation. [2] Similar standards are maintained by other aviation authorities. For example European Technical Standard Orders (ETSO) by EASA for the European Union, [3] with limited reciprocal equivalence on a per-country ...
BEIJING (Reuters) -Engineers sent China's biggest-yet cargo drone on a test run over the weekend while a helicopter taxi took to the skies on a soon-to-open 100-km (62-mile) route to Shanghai ...
TIS-B information displayed on a multi-function display showing two nearby traffic. Traffic information service – broadcast (TIS–B) is an aviation information service that allows pilots to see aircraft that are not emitting ADS-B data but have a basic transponder.