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The Wallace rule of nines is a tool used in pre-hospital and emergency medicine to estimate the total body surface area (BSA) affected by a burn.In addition to determining burn severity, the measurement of burn surface area is important for estimating patients' fluid requirements and determining hospital admission criteria.
Friction burn caused by a treadmill. Example of a third-degree friction burn. A friction burn is a form of abrasion caused by the friction of skin rubbing against a surface. A friction burn may also be referred to as skinning, chafing, or a term named for the surface causing the burn such as rope burn, carpet burn or rug burn.
Treatment depends on the severity of the burn. [2] Superficial burns may be managed with little more than simple pain medication, while major burns may require prolonged treatment in specialized burn centers. [2] Cooling with tap water may help pain and decrease damage; however, prolonged cooling may result in low body temperature.
For example, a person weighing 75 kg with burns to 20% of his or her body surface area would require 4 x 75 x 20 = 6,000 mL of fluid replacement within 24 hours. The first half of this amount is delivered within eight hours from the burn incident, and the remaining fluid is delivered in the next 16 hours.
A thermal burn is a type of burn resulting from making contact with heated objects, such as boiling water, steam, hot cooking oil, fire, and hot objects. Scalds are the most common type of thermal burn suffered by children, but for adults thermal burns are most commonly caused by fire. [ 2 ]
Various methods of treatment are used, depending greatly on the length of exposure and other factors. There are documented cases using both conservative and invasive treatments, including skin grafting and/or the application of nonadhesive dressing alongside topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. However, the use of steroids may ...
The treatment of burn scar contracture and deformity begins upon hospitalization. Wound care and functional outcomes can be predicted from the initial assessment of wound depth and location. Epidermal and partial thickness wounds heal in 1 to 3 weeks through epithelial migration from the wound edges and epithelial budding from the appendages of ...
A burn center needs a team approach for the management of critically burnt patients. Usually, the burns management team consists of a plastic surgeon, intensivist, chest physician, general surgeon, Anesthesiologist, Respiratory Therapist, pediatrician, nurses and technicians, microbiologist, psychiatrist, nutritionist, physiotherapist, and social worker.