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This is a timeline of achievements in Soviet and United States spaceflight, spanning the Cold War era of nationalistic competition known as the Space Race.. This list is limited to first achievements by the USSR and USA which were important during the Space Race in terms of public perception and/or technical innovation.
Wernher von Braun's space station concept (1952) Although Germans, Americans and Soviets experimented with small liquid-fuel rockets before World War II, launching satellites and humans into space required the development of larger ballistic missiles such as Wernher von Braun's Aggregat-4 (A-4), which became known as the Vergeltungswaffe 2 (V-2) developed by Nazi Germany to bomb the Allies in ...
Due to its large size, the timeline has been split into smaller articles, one for each year since 1951. There is a separate list for all flights that occurred before 1951. The list for the year 2025 and for its subsequent years may contain planned launches, but the statistics will only include past launches.
Space Race, the Cold War geopolitical rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union in space primacy Moon Race, the race to have the first human landing on the Moon; Mars race, the rivalry between teams to put the first humans on or about the planet Mars; Billionaire space race, the entrepreneurial rivalry for private spaceflight ...
USA (NASA) Pioneer 5: 19 August 1960: First plants and animals to return alive from Earth orbit. USSR Sputnik 5: 25 September 1960 First rocket engine fired in space. USA (NASA) Pioneer P-30 [10] 31 January 1961: First hominidae in space (chimpanzee Ham). First tasks performed in space. USA (NASA) M-R 2: 12 February 1961
As a NASA science flight was flying over the Greenland ice sheet this spring, a surprise popped up on a specialty radar: a hidden Cold War city more than 100 feet beneath the ice.
The United States has developed many space programs since the beginning of the spaceflight era in the mid-20th century. The government runs space programs by three primary agencies: NASA for civil space; the United States Space Force for military space; and the National Reconnaissance Office for intelligence space. These entities have invested ...
It also served as a top-secret site for testing the feasibility of deploying nuclear missiles from the Arctic during the Cold War. The base housed 85-200 soldiers and was powered by a nuclear reactor.