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A theory of everything (TOE), final theory, ultimate theory, unified field theory, or master theory is a hypothetical singular, all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of physics that fully explains and links together all aspects of the universe. [1]: 6 Finding a theory of everything is one of the major unsolved problems in physics. [2 ...
Stephen Wolfram was born in London in 1959 to Hugo and Sybil Wolfram, both German Jewish refugees to the United Kingdom. [10] His maternal grandmother was British psychoanalyst Kate Friedlander. Wolfram's father, Hugo Wolfram, was a textile manufacturer and served as managing director of the Lurex Company—makers of the fabric Lurex. [11]
In physics and cosmology, the mathematical universe hypothesis (MUH), also known as the ultimate ensemble theory, is a speculative "theory of everything" (TOE) proposed by cosmologist Max Tegmark. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] According to the hypothesis, the universe is a mathematical object in and of itself.
Shortly thereafter, they published a feature article on E 8 Theory, "A Geometric Theory of Everything", [2] written by Lisi and James Owen Weatherall. In December 2011, in a paper for a special issue of the journal Foundations of Physics, Michael Duff argued against Lisi's theory and the attention it has received in the popular press.
The basic subject of Wolfram's "new kind of science" is the study of simple abstract rules—essentially, elementary computer programs.In almost any class of a computational system, one very quickly finds instances of great complexity among its simplest cases (after a time series of multiple iterative loops, applying the same simple set of rules on itself, similar to a self-reinforcing cycle ...
Lisi is known for "An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything," an unpublished preprint paper proposing a unified field theory based on the E 8 Lie group, combining particle physics with Einstein's theory of gravitation. The theory is incomplete and has unresolved problems. The theory has been extensively criticized in the scientific community.
These versions are known as type I, type IIA, type IIB, and the two flavors of heterotic string theory (SO(32) and E 8 ×E 8). The thinking was that of these five candidate theories, only one was the actual correct theory of everything, and that theory was the one whose low-energy limit matched the physics observed in our world today. [30]
In philosophy, a theory of everything (ToE) is an ultimate, all-encompassing explanation or description of nature or reality. [1] [2] [3] Adopting the term from physics, where the search for a theory of everything is ongoing, philosophers have discussed the viability of the concept and analyzed its properties and implications.