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Directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS, also known as TB-DOTS) is the name given to the tuberculosis (TB) control strategy recommended by the World Health Organization. [1] According to WHO, "The most cost-effective way to stop the spread of TB in communities with a high incidence is by curing it.
DOTS stands for "Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course" and is a major plank in the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Plan to Stop TB. [citation needed] The DOTS strategy focuses on five main points of action. The first element involves creating increased sustainable financial services and a short- and long-term plan provided by the ...
Directed therapy refers to the treatment of infections based on specific knowledge of what the causal agent is able to be treated with. It is the opposite to empiric therapy, which refers to the treatment of infections based on the clinical suspicion about what the agent should be able to be treated with, based on experience or guidelines. [1]
For tuberculosis patients, directly observed therapy is still part of the treatment. [26] This is to increase medication compliance. [27] This is to prevent treatment failure, relapse, and transmission in the community. [28] Apart from the traditional direct observed therapy (DOT), there is another method proposed to try increasing medication ...
In the presence of non-compliance, the ATE can no longer be recovered. Instead, what is recovered is the average treatment effect for a certain subpopulation known as the compliers, which is the LATE. When there may exist heterogeneous treatment effects across groups, the LATE is unlikely to be equivalent to the ATE.
The nature of a treatment or outcome is relatively unimportant in the estimation of the ATE—that is to say, calculation of the ATE requires that a treatment be applied to some units and not others, but the nature of that treatment (e.g., a pharmaceutical, an incentive payment, a political advertisement) is irrelevant to the definition and ...
The observer of the direct observation method should be present in the natural environment when the problem behavior is most likely to occur. The observer should also be trained to record the problem behavior and its functional antecedent and consequences immediately, correctly and objectively. Direct observation can also be an ABC observation.
The standardized format for the history starts with the chief concern (why is the patient in the clinic or hospital?) followed by the history of present illness (to characterize the nature of the symptom(s) or concern(s)), the past medical history, the past surgical history, the family history, the social history, their medications, their ...