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  2. S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.T.A.L.K.E.R.:_Shadow_of...

    The X-Ray Engine is a DirectX 8.1/9 Shader Model 3.0 graphics engine. Up to a million polygons can be on-screen at any one time. Up to a million polygons can be on-screen at any one time. The engine features HDR rendering , parallax and normal mapping , soft shadows , motion blur , widescreen support, weather effects and day/night cycles.

  3. X-ray optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_optics

    X-ray optics is the branch of optics dealing with X-rays, rather than visible light.It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams for research techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, and X-ray astronomy.

  4. X-ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray

    Natural color X-ray photogram of a wine scene. Note the edges of hollow cylinders as compared to the solid candle. William Coolidge explains medical imaging and X-rays.. An X-ray (also known in many languages as Röntgen radiation) is a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than those of ultraviolet rays and longer than those of gamma rays.

  5. X-ray emission spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_emission_spectroscopy

    X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is a form of X-ray spectroscopy in which a core electron is excited by an incident x-ray photon and then this excited state decays by emitting an x-ray photon to fill the core hole. The energy of the emitted photon is the energy difference between the involved electronic levels.

  6. Astrophysical X-ray source - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysical_X-ray_source

    The early high-energy end of the spectrum for this diffuse X-ray background was obtained by instruments on board Ranger 3 and Ranger 5. [1] The X-ray flux corresponds to a total energy density of about 5 x 10 −4 eV/cm 3. [1] The ROSAT soft X-ray diffuse background (SXRB) image shows the general increase in intensity from the Galactic plane to ...

  7. X-ray reflectivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_reflectivity

    X-ray reflectivity (sometimes known as X-ray specular reflectivity, X-ray reflectometry, or XRR) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used in chemistry, physics, and materials science to characterize surfaces, thin films and multilayers.

  8. Normal mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_mapping

    A normal pointing to right of the texture (1,0,0) is mapped to (255,128,128). Hence the right edge of an object is usually light red. A normal pointing to top of the texture (0,1,0) is mapped to (128,255,128). Hence the top edge of an object is usually light green. A normal pointing to left of the texture (-1,0,0) is mapped to (0,128,128).

  9. High-energy X-rays - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-energy_X-rays

    High-energy X-rays or HEX-rays are very hard X-rays, with typical energies of 80–1000 keV (1 MeV), about one order of magnitude higher than conventional X-rays used for X-ray crystallography (and well into gamma-ray energies over 120 keV).