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In 2012, academic Alex J. Bellamy wrote that a "conservative estimate puts the total number of civilians deliberately killed by communists after the Second World War between 6.7 million and 15.5 million people, with the true figure probably much higher." [77]
Ethiopian Civil War and Eritrean War of Independence: 1.75–2 million [57] [58] [59] 1961–1991 [d] EPRDF, later EPLF, vs. Derg and People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Horn of Africa Russo-Circassian War and Caucasian War: 1.5–2 million [60] 1763–1864 Circassian Confederation, Principality of Abkhazia, and Caucasian Imamate vs ...
[81] [3] British historian Michael Ellman argues that mass deaths from famines should be placed in a different category than the repression victims, mentioning that throughout Russian history famines and droughts have been a common occurrence, including the Russian famine of 1921–1922, triggered by Stalin's predecessor Vladimir Lenin's war ...
The reason is simple: as a rule, people who discuss these figures are trying to convey a very specific point, namely, that Stalinism killed more people than Nazism. However, a comparison of excess mortality during Stalin's rule with mass killings perpetrated by Nazi is a comparison of apples with oranges. And, we must keep in mind that excess ...
The exact death toll is unknown, although scholarly sources estimate the number of Arabs killed to be between 13,000 and more than 20,000. [164] [165] 25% or more of the Arab population (50,000 people) of Zanzibar were killed by the end of 1964. [164] Maya genocide: Guatemala: 1962 1996 166,000 [167] 166,000 [168]
The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression is a 1997 [note 1] book by Stéphane Courtois, Andrzej Paczkowski, Nicolas Werth, Jean-Louis Margolin, and several other European academics [note 2] documenting a history of political repression by communist states, including genocides, extrajudicial executions, deportations, and deaths in labor camps and allegedly artificially created ...
Historian David Reynolds on what Winston Churchill really thought about Hitler, Stalin and other enemies.
Rosefielde estimated the actual military dead at 8.7 million men and 17.7 to 20.3 million civilians killed by the Nazis in the war (exterminated, shot, gassed burned 6.4 or 11.3 million; famine and disease 8.5 or 6.5 million; forced laborer in Germany 2.8 or 3.0 million and 500,000 who did not return to USSR after war.) [165]: 72 In addition to ...