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The hosts file is one of several system facilities that assists in addressing network nodes in a computer network. It is a common part of an operating system's Internet Protocol (IP) implementation, and serves the function of translating human-friendly hostnames into numeric protocol addresses, called IP addresses, that identify and locate a host in an IP network.
When applied to a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) the host command will return information associated with that name such as its IP address and mail handling host. It can also be used to list all members of a domain. [2] The host command is also able to perform reverse IP lookups to find the FQDN associated with an IP address. [3]
In computer networking, localhost is a hostname that refers to the current computer used to access it. The name localhost is reserved for loopback purposes. [1] It is used to access the network services that are running on the host via the loopback network interface.
Most Linux distributions also incorporate and are configured to use zeroconf. By default, each computer's Avahi daemon will respond to mDNS hostname.local queries, and most shell commands and application program calls that attempt to resolve such names are routed to that daemon by the default hosts: line in the Name Service Switch configuration ...
After instantiating a new socket, the server binds the socket to an address. For a Unix domain socket, the address is a /path/filename.. Because the socket address may be either a /path/filename or an IP_address:Port_number, the socket application programming interface requires the address to first be set into a structure.
Link-local addresses may be assigned manually by an administrator or by automatic operating system procedures. In Internet Protocol (IP) networks, they are assigned most often using stateless address autoconfiguration, a process that often uses a stochastic process to select the value of link-local addresses, assigning a pseudo-random address that is different for each session.
The ipconfig command supports the command-line switch /all. This results in more detailed information than ipconfig alone. An important additional feature of ipconfig is to force refreshing of the DHCP IP address of the host computer to request a different IP address. This is done using two commands in sequence.
The name localhost is a commonly defined hostname for the loopback interface in most TCP/IP systems, resolving to the IP addresses 127.0.0.1 in IPv4 and ::1 for IPv6.As a top-level domain, the name has traditionally been defined statically in host DNS implementations with address records (A and AAAA) pointing to the same loopback addresses.