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Computed tomography (CT scanning) is a more sensitive test for pulmonary contusion, [6] [33] and it can identify abdominal, chest, or other injuries that accompany the contusion. [38] In one study, chest X-ray detected pulmonary contusions in 16.3% of people with serious blunt trauma, while CT detected them in 31.2% of the same people. [45]
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
Flail chest is usually accompanied by a pulmonary contusion, a bruise of the lung tissue that can interfere with blood oxygenation. [5] Often, it is the contusion, not the flail segment, that is the main cause of respiratory problems in people with both injuries. [6] Surgery to fix the fractures appears to result in better outcomes. [7]
Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment. [ 1 ]
A chest injury, also known as chest trauma, is any form of physical injury to the chest including the ribs, heart and lungs.Chest injuries account for 25% of all deaths from traumatic injury. [1]
Patients are seen with a cyanotic discoloration of the shoulder skin and neck and face, jugular distention, bulging of the eyeballs, and swelling of the tongue and lips. The latter two are resultants of edema, caused by excessive blood accumulating in the veins of the head and neck and venous stasis.
The blood entering the pulmonary system will have oxygen flux , where is oxygen content of the venous blood and is the total cardiac output. Similarly, the blood emerging from the pulmonary system will have oxygen flux Q t ⋅ C a O 2 {\displaystyle Q_{t}\cdot Ca_{O_{2}}} , where C a O 2 {\displaystyle Ca_{O_{2}}} is oxygen content of the ...
The oximeter reading is based on the color of the blood: oxygenated blood is a brighter red than deoxygenated blood, which appears as bluish purple. Arterial blood gas test (ABG) This test measures the precise levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. A blood sample is drawn from an artery, typically in the wrist. A laboratory then ...