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  2. Bulk Richardson number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_Richardson_number

    The Bulk Richardson Number (BRN) is an approximation of the Gradient Richardson number. [1] The BRN is a dimensionless ratio in meteorology related to the consumption of turbulence divided by the shear production (the generation of turbulence kinetic energy caused by wind shear) of turbulence.

  3. Richardson number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardson_Number

    The Richardson number (Ri) is named after Lewis Fry Richardson (1881–1953). [1] It is the dimensionless number that expresses the ratio of the buoyancy term to the flow shear term: [2]

  4. Wind profile power law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_profile_power_law

    The wind profile of the atmospheric boundary layer (surface to around 2000 metres) is generally logarithmic in nature and is best approximated using the log wind profile equation that accounts for surface roughness and atmospheric stability. The relationships between surface power and wind are often used as an alternative to logarithmic wind ...

  5. Wind gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_gradient

    In common usage, wind gradient, more specifically wind speed gradient [1] or wind velocity gradient, [2] or alternatively shear wind, [3] is the vertical component of the gradient of the mean horizontal wind speed in the lower atmosphere. [4] It is the rate of increase of wind strength with unit increase in height above ground level.

  6. Shear velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_velocity

    Shear velocity also helps in thinking about the rate of shear and dispersion in a flow. Shear velocity scales well to rates of dispersion and bedload sediment transport. A general rule is that the shear velocity is between 5% and 10% of the mean flow velocity. For river base case, the shear velocity can be calculated by Manning's equation.

  7. Shear rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_rate

    For the simple shear case, it is just a gradient of velocity in a flowing material. The SI unit of measurement for shear rate is s −1, expressed as "reciprocal seconds" or "inverse seconds". [1] However, when modelling fluids in 3D, it is common to consider a scalar value for the shear rate by calculating the second invariant of the strain ...

  8. Wind-turbine aerodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind-turbine_aerodynamics

    The coefficient of power is the most important variable in wind-turbine aerodynamics. The Buckingham π theorem can be applied to show that the non-dimensional variable for power is given by the equation below. This equation is similar to efficiency, so values between 0 and less than 1 are typical.

  9. Fanning friction factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanning_friction_factor

    It is defined as the ratio between the local shear stress and the local flow kinetic energy density: [1] [2] = where f is the local Fanning friction factor (dimensionless); τ is the local shear stress (units of pascals (Pa) = kg/m 2, or pounds per square foot (psf) = lbm/ft 2);