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Venom from stinging or biting insects such as Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) or Triatominae (kissing bugs) may cause anaphylaxis in susceptible people. [ 9 ] [ 33 ] [ 34 ] Previous reactions that are anything more than a local reaction around the site of the sting, are a risk factor for future anaphylaxis; [ 35 ] [ 36 ] however, half of ...
It is generally safe and effective for allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, allergic forms of asthma, and stinging insects. [122] To a lesser extent, the evidence also supports the use of sublingual immunotherapy for rhinitis and asthma. [121] For seasonal allergies the benefit is small. [123]
Insect sting allergy is the term commonly given to the allergic response of an animal in response to the bite or sting of an insect. [1] Typically, insects which generate allergic responses are either stinging insects ( wasps , bees , hornets and ants [ 2 ] ) or biting insects ( mosquitoes , ticks ).
In technical terms, an allergen is an antigen that is capable of stimulating a type-I hypersensitivity reaction in atopic individuals through immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses. [1] Most humans mount significant Immunoglobulin E responses only as a defense against parasitic infections. However, some individuals may respond to many common ...
The saliva of the arthropod may contain anticoagulants, as in insects and arachnids which feed from blood. Feeding bites may also contain anaesthetic , to prevent the bite from being felt. Feeding bites may also contain digestive enzymes , as in spiders ; spider bites have primarily evolved to paralyse and then digest prey.
A stinger (or sting) is a sharp organ found in various animals (typically insects and other arthropods) capable of injecting venom, usually by piercing the epidermis of another animal. An insect sting is complicated by its introduction of venom, although not all stings are venomous.
Mosquito saliva contains >30 potentially allergenic proteins. More than 11 of these have been identified in the saliva of the Aedes egypti mosquito. Four such proteins, termed Aed a 1 (an apyrase), Aed 2 (Female-specific protein, D7), Aed 3 (an as yet undefined protein), and Aed a 4 (an α-glucosidase) have been purified as recombinant proteins.
The duration of the pain of insect stings categorized into Pain Level 1 generally is five minutes or less. [2] Many small bees are categorized into a pain level of 1, with their venom containing polypeptides such as melittin, apamin, and MCD peptide. Melittin is the main toxin of bee venom, and it damages red blood cells and white blood cells.