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The term seizure threshold is used to describe the balance between excitatory (glutaminergic) and inhibitory (GABA-ergic) forces in the brain which affect how susceptible a person is to seizures. Those diagnosed with epilepsy or certain other neurological conditions are more vulnerable to seizures if the threshold is reduced, and should be ...
Threshold dose is the minimum dose of drug that triggers minimal detectable biological effect in an animal. [1] At extremely low doses, biological responses are absent for some of the drugs. The increase in dose above threshold dose induces an increase in the percentage of biological responses. [ 2 ]
Surviving dogs developed seizures, fecal and urinary incontinence, confusion, memory loss, seromas, emotional dysregulation, focal neurologic symptoms, weakness, and weight loss. [ 19 ] 40% of surviving dogs did not have a reduction in existing aggression, and some dogs' aggression worsened after the procedure. [ 19 ]
Methadone, sold under the brand names Dolophine and Methadose among others, is a synthetic opioid used medically to treat chronic pain and opioid use disorder. [7] Prescribed for daily use, the medicine relieves cravings and opioid withdrawal symptoms. [10]
A bottle of veterinary pharmaceutical potassium bromide oral solution used in dogs, primarily as an antiepileptic (to stop seizures) [3] In dogs, epilepsy is often an inherited condition. The incidence of epilepsy/seizures in the general dog population is estimated to be between 0.5% and 5.7%. [4]
Anticonvulsants suppress the excessive rapid firing of neurons during seizures. [6] Anticonvulsants also prevent the spread of the seizure within the brain. [7] Conventional antiepileptic drugs may block sodium channels or enhance γ-aminobutyric acid function. Several antiepileptic drugs have multiple or uncertain mechanisms of action. [8]
The postictal state is the altered state of consciousness after an epileptic seizure.It usually lasts between 5 and 30 minutes, but sometimes longer in the case of larger or more severe seizures, and is characterized by drowsiness, confusion, nausea, hypertension, headache or migraine, and other disorienting symptoms.
It is listed as a Schedule I drug in Canada, [3] but is only significant as a precursor for methadone, as it does not have analgesic activity in its own right, though it does show some atropine-like activity. [4]