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However, the conditional probability P(A|B 1) = 1, P(A|B 2) = 0.12 ÷ (0.12 + 0.04) = 0.75, and P(A|B 3) = 0. On a tree diagram, branch probabilities are conditional on the event associated with the parent node. (Here, the overbars indicate that the event does not occur.) Venn Pie Chart describing conditional probabilities
P( at least one estimation is bad) = 0.05 ≤ P( A 1 is bad) + P( A 2 is bad) + P( A 3 is bad) + P( A 4 is bad) + P( A 5 is bad) One way is to make each of them equal to 0.05/5 = 0.01, that is 1%. In other words, you have to guarantee each estimate good to 99%( for example, by constructing a 99% confidence interval) to make sure the total ...
Faulhaber's formula concerns expressing the sum of the p-th powers of the first n positive integers = = + + + + as a (p + 1)th-degree polynomial function of n.. The first few examples are well known.
Assume that there is a counterexample: an integer n ≥ 2 such that there is no prime p with n < p < 2n. If 2 ≤ n < 427, then p can be chosen from among the prime numbers 3, 5, 7, 13, 23, 43, 83, 163, 317, 631 (each being the largest prime less than twice its predecessor) such that n < p < 2n. Therefore, n ≥ 427.
A polynomial P(x) has only finitely many perfect powers for all integers x if P has at least three simple zeros. [18] A generalization of Tijdeman's theorem concerning the number of solutions of y m = x n + k (Tijdeman's theorem answers the case k = 1), and Pillai's conjecture (1931) concerning the number of solutions of Ay m = Bx n + k.
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P (A), the prior, is the initial degree of belief in A. P (A | B), the posterior, is the degree of belief after incorporating news that B is true. the quotient P(B | A) / P(B) represents the support B provides for A. For more on the application of Bayes' theorem under the Bayesian interpretation of probability, see Bayesian inference.
For each k, the polynomial () can be characterized as the unique degree k polynomial p(t) satisfying p(0) = p(1) = ⋯ = p(k − 1) = 0 and p(k) = 1. Its coefficients are expressible in terms of Stirling numbers of the first kind: