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Fusion reactors are not subject to catastrophic meltdown. [121] It requires precise and controlled temperature, pressure and magnetic field parameters to produce net energy, and any damage or loss of required control would rapidly quench the reaction. [122] Fusion reactors operate with seconds or even microseconds worth of fuel at any moment.
Even when working perfectly, plasma confinement at fusion temperatures, the so-called "fusion triple product", continued to be far below what would be needed for a practical reactor design. Through the mid-1980s the reasons for many of these problems became clear, and various solutions were offered.
One of the ongoing research issues for commercial fusion power development is the choice of material for the plasma-facing portions of the reactor vessel, also known as the first wall. Most reactors operate at the equivalent of a high vacuum and thus demand high-strength materials to resists the inward pressure of the magnets against the empty ...
Jennifer Granholm, secretary of the U.S. Department of Energy, says that the U.S. is aiming to create a working fusion reactor by 2035.
Prototype for development of Commercial Fusion Reactors 1.5–2 GW Fusion output. [61] K-DEMO (Korean fusion demonstration tokamak reactor) [62] Planned: 2037? National Fusion Research Institute: 6.8 m / 2.1 m: 7 T: 12 MA ? Prototype for the development of commercial fusion reactors with around 2200 MW of fusion power: DEMO (DEMOnstration Power ...
Fusion ignition is the point at which a nuclear fusion reaction becomes self-sustaining. This occurs when the energy being given off by the reaction heats the fuel mass more rapidly than it cools. In other words, fusion ignition is the point at which the increasing self-heating of the nuclear fusion removes the need for external heating. [ 1 ]
Commercial light-water nuclear reactors, the most prevalent power reactors in the world, use nuclear fuel containing uranium enriched to 3 to 5% U-235 while the leftover is U-238. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] Each fusion event in the D-T fusion reactor gives off an alpha particle and a fast neutron with around 14 MeV of kinetic energy.
A gyrotron converter first guides fusion product ions as a beam into a 10-meter long microwave cavity filled with a 10-tesla magnetic field, where 155 MHz microwaves are generated and converted to a high voltage DC output through rectennas. The Field-Reversed Configuration reactor ARTEMIS in this study was designed with an efficiency of 75% ...