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Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pathogenic, encapsulated coccobacillus bacterium of the genus Bordetella, and the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. Its virulence factors include pertussis toxin , adenylate cyclase toxin , filamentous haemagglutinin , pertactin , fimbria , and tracheal cytotoxin .
Bordetella (/ ˌ b ɔːr d ə ˈ t ɛ l ə /) is a genus of small (0.2 – 0.7 μm), Gram-negative, coccobacilli bacteria of the phylum Pseudomonadota. Bordetella species, with the exception of B. petrii, are obligate aerobes, as well as highly fastidious, or difficult to culture.
[1] [3] The effectiveness of the vaccines appears to decrease by between 2 and 10% per year after vaccination with a more rapid decrease with the acellular vaccines. [1] The vaccine is only available in combination with tetanus and diphtheria vaccines. [1] Pertussis vaccine is estimated to have saved over 500,000 lives in 2002. [4]
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a small, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Bordetella. [1] It can cause infectious bronchitis in dogs and other animals, [ 2 ] but rarely infects humans. [ 3 ]
Whooping cough (/ ˈ h uː p ɪ ŋ / or / ˈ w uː p ɪ ŋ /), also known as pertussis or the 100-day cough, is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable bacterial disease. [1] [10] Initial symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose, fever, and mild cough, but these are followed by two or three months of severe coughing fits. [1]
Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB 5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, [2] which causes whooping cough. PT is involved in the colonization of the respiratory tract and the establishment of infection. [ 3 ]
Children under 2 years old should not be given any type of cough or cold medicine due to the potential for life-threatening side effects. [23] In addition, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics , the use of cough medicine to relieve cough symptoms should be avoided in children under 4 years old, and the safety is questioned for ...
DTaP (also DTP and TDaP) is a combination vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, in which the pertussis component is acellular. [25] This is in contrast to whole-cell, inactivated DTP (or DTwP). [9] The acellular vaccine uses selected antigens of the pertussis pathogen to induce immunity. [17]