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Mevalonate pathway diagram showing the conversion of acetyl-CoA into isopentenyl pyrophosphate, the essential building block of all isoprenoids. The eukaryotic variant is shown in black. Archaeal variants are shown in red and blue.
In addition, acetyl-CoA is a precursor for the biosynthesis of various acetyl-chemicals, acting as an intermediate to transfer an acetyl group during the biosynthesis of those acetyl-chemicals. Acetyl-CoA is also involved in the regulation of various cellular mechanisms by providing acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post ...
In enzymology, a phosphate acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + acetyl phosphate The substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and phosphate , whereas its two products are CoA and acetyl phosphate .
Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be ...
The systematic name is [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)]-phosphate phosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase , phosphopyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase , [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)]-phosphatase , and [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)]-phosphate phosphohydrolase .
In enzymology, an acetate kinase (diphosphate) (EC 2.7.2.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. diphosphate + acetate phosphate + acetyl phosphate. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are diphosphate and acetate, whereas its two products are phosphate and acetyl phosphate.
Acetyl phosphate (AcP), a precursor to ATP, can readily be synthesized at modest yields from thioacetate in pH 7 and 20 °C and pH 8 and 50 °C, although acetyl phosphate is less stable in warmer temperatures and alkaline conditions than in cooler and acidic to neutral conditions.
Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle.All genomes sequenced to date encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester) as a substrate.