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In 2020 another systematic review compared the use of synthetic mesh and biologic mesh in ventral mesh rectopexy for external rectal prolapse or symptomatic internal rectal prolapse. [20] The review included 32 studies containing a total of 4001 cases where synthetic mesh was used and 762 where biologic mesh was used.
A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. [2] However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved.
In gynecology, a rectocele (/ ˈ r ɛ k t ə s iː l / REK-tə-seel) or posterior vaginal wall prolapse results when the rectum bulges into the vagina. [1] Two common causes of this defect are childbirth and hysterectomy. [2] Rectocele also tends to occur with other forms of pelvic organ prolapse, such as enterocele, sigmoidocele and cystocele. [1]
In women, the condition usually occurs when the pelvic floor collapses after gynecological cancer treatment, childbirth or heavy lifting. [2] Injury incurred to fascia membranes and other connective structures can result in cystocele, rectocele or both. Treatment can involve dietary and lifestyle changes, physical therapy, or surgery. [3]
Colorectal surgery is a field in medicine dealing with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon. [1] The field is also known as proctology , but this term is now used infrequently within medicine and is most often employed to identify practices relating to the anus and rectum in particular.
Rectal prolapse is a condition in which part of the wall or the entire wall of the rectum falls out of place. Rectal prolapse can be a medical emergency. In some cases, the rectum may protrude. Symptoms of a rectal prolapse may be: Leakage of stool; Bleeding, anal pain, itching, irritation; Tissue that protrudes from the rectum
The most distal prolapse is between 1 cm above and 1 cm below the hymen (at least one point is −1, 0, or +1). 3: The most distal prolapse is more than 1 cm below the hymen but no further than 2 cm less than TVL. 4: Represents complete procidentia or vault eversion; the most distal prolapse protrudes to at least (TVL−2) cm.
A mesh may be used to reinforce the anterior rectal wall. [8] It can be done as an open procedure or with a laparoscopic abdominal approach. [8] Some authors state rectopexy is suitable in highly select cases, [9] while others say it is the procedure of choice, [7] since it directly addresses the most likely cause. [8]