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  2. Titration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titration

    The word "titration" descends from the French word titrer (1543), meaning the proportion of gold or silver in coins or in works of gold or silver; i.e., a measure of fineness or purity. Tiltre became titre, [4] which thus came to mean the "fineness of alloyed gold", [5] and then the "concentration of a substance in a given sample". [6]

  3. Significant figures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_figures

    If the mass of an object is estimated as 3.78 ± 0.07 kg, so the actual mass is probably somewhere in the range 3.71 to 3.85 kg, and it is desired to report it with a single number, then 3.8 kg is the best number to report since its implied uncertainty ± 0.05 kg gives a mass range of 3.75 to 3.85 kg, which is close to the measurement range.

  4. Granite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite

    Granite (/ ˈ ɡ r æ n ɪ t / GRAN-it) is a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase.It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly cools and solidifies underground.

  5. Specific strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_strength

    The SI unit for specific strength is Pa⋅m 3 /kg, or N⋅m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m 2 /s 2, though the latter form is rarely used. Specific strength has the same units as specific energy , and is related to the maximum specific energy of rotation that an object can have without flying apart due to centrifugal force .

  6. Calorimetry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorimetry

    In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat' and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase ...

  7. Water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

    Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 2 O.It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, [c] and nearly colorless chemical substance.It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent [20]).

  8. Copper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper

    Codelco, a major producer in Chile, reported that in 2020 the company emitted 2.8 t CO 2-eq per ton (2.8 kg CO 2-eq per kg) of fine copper. [52] Greenhouse gas emissions primarily arise from electricity consumed by the company, especially when sourced from fossil fuels, and from engines required for copper extraction and refinement.

  9. Glass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass

    [106] [107] Examples include LiCl:RH 2 O (a solution of lithium chloride salt and water molecules) in the composition range 4<R<8. [ 108 ] sugar glass , [ 109 ] or Ca 0.4 K 0.6 (NO 3 ) 1.4 . [ 110 ] Glass electrolytes in the form of Ba-doped Li-glass and Ba-doped Na-glass have been proposed as solutions to problems identified with organic ...