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The first list shows number of neurons in their entire nervous system. The second list shows the number of neurons in the structure that has been found to be representative of animal intelligence. [1] The human brain contains 86 billion neurons, with 16 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex. [2] [1]
Given the diversity of functions performed in different parts of the nervous system, there is a wide variety in their shape, size, and electrochemical properties. For instance, the soma of a neuron can vary from 4 to 100 micrometers in diameter. [7] The soma is the body of the neuron.
There are more than 86 billion neurons in the brain, and a more or less equal number of other cells. Brain activity is made possible by the interconnections of neurons and their release of neurotransmitters in response to nerve impulses. Neurons connect to form neural pathways, neural circuits, and elaborate network systems.
The Human Cell Atlas project, which started in 2016, had as one of its goals to "catalog all cell types (for example, immune cells or brain cells) and sub-types in the human body". [13] By 2018, the Human Cell Atlas description based the project on the assumption that "our characterization of the hundreds of types and subtypes of cells in the ...
There are many types of neuron, and several types of glial cell. Neurons are the excitable cells of the brain that function by communicating with other neurons and interneurons (via synapses), in neural circuits and larger brain networks.
Researchers believe humans have none—but in simpler nervous systems, some or all neurons may be thus unique. [10] In vertebrates, the best known identified neurons are the gigantic Mauthner cells of fish. [11]: 38–44 Every fish has two Mauthner cells, located in the bottom part of the brainstem, one on the left side and one on the right ...
Nervous tissue, also called neural tissue, is the main tissue component of the nervous system.The nervous system regulates and controls body functions and activity. It consists of two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprising the branching peripheral nerves.
There are between 14 and 16 billion neurons in the cortex. [2] These cortical neurons are organized radially in cortical columns, and minicolumns, in the horizontally organized layers of the cortex. [9] [10] The neocortex is separable into different regions of cortex known in the plural as cortices, and include the motor cortex and visual cortex.