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A telomere (/ ˈ t ɛ l ə m ɪər, ˈ t iː l ə-/; from Ancient Greek τέλος (télos) 'end' and μέρος (méros) 'part') is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Telomeres are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes.
They then used α factor to block cells with induced short telomeres in late G1 phase and measured the change in telomere length when the cells were released under a variety of conditions. They found that when the cells were released and concurrently treated with nocodazole , a G2/M phase cell cycle inhibitor, telomere length increased for the ...
Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, [1] is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres. A telomere is a region of repetitive sequences at each end of the chromosomes of most eukaryotes .
At either end of a chromosome is a telomere, a cap of DNA that protects the rest of the chromosome from damage. The telomere has repetitive junk DNA and hence any enzymatic damage will not affect the coded regions. The areas of the p and q regions close to the telomeres are the subtelomeres, or subtelomeric regions. The areas closer to the ...
Telomeres at the end of a chromosome. The relationship between telomeres and longevity and changing the length of telomeres is one of the new fields of research on increasing human lifespan and even human immortality. [1] [2] Telomeres are sequences at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division and determine the lifespan of ...
Shelterin (also called telosome) is a protein complex known to protect telomeres in many eukaryotes from DNA repair mechanisms, as well as to regulate telomerase activity. In mammals and other vertebrates, telomeric DNA consists of repeating double-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' (G-strand) sequences (2-15 kilobases in humans) along with the 3'-AATCCC-5' (C-strand) complement, ending with a 50-400 ...
As telomeres do not contain a canonical stop codon signaling the end of RNA transcription, it remains unclear exactly where transcription ceases along the telomere tracks. Similarly to most mRNAs transcribed in the nucleus, nearly all TERRA transcripts contain a 7-methylguanosine (m 7 G) cap structure at their 5' end. [ 10 ]
In contrast, germ line and cancer cells possess an enzyme, telomerase, which prevents telomere degradation and maintains telomere integrity, causing these types of cells to be very long-lived. In humans, the role of subtelomere disorders is demonstrated in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), Alzheimer's disease , epilepsy [ 17 ] and ...