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A crowbar circuit is an electrical circuit used for preventing an overvoltage or surge condition of a power supply unit from damaging the circuits attached to the power supply. It operates by putting a short circuit or low resistance path across the voltage output (V o ), like dropping a crowbar across the output terminals of the power supply.
A micrograph of the corner of the photosensor array of a webcam digital camera Image sensor (upper left) on the motherboard of a Nikon Coolpix L2 6 MP. The two main types of digital image sensors are the charge-coupled device (CCD) and the active-pixel sensor (CMOS sensor), fabricated in complementary MOS (CMOS) or N-type MOS (NMOS or Live MOS) technologies.
It is characterised by the same pattern of variation in pixel-brightness occurring in images taken under the same illumination conditions in an imaging array. This problem arises from small differences in the individual responsitivity of the sensor array (including any local postamplification stages) that might be caused by variations in the ...
In the case of images bright enough to be in the shot noise limited regime, when the image is scaled to the same size on screen, or printed at the same size, the pixel count makes little difference to perceptible noise levels – the noise depends primarily on the total light over the whole sensor area, not how this area is divided into pixels.
CMOS Image Sensor has photo diodes (PD), same as CCD Image Sensor. But there is difference in the mechanism of transmitting electrons. CMOS transmit electrons using the wire; CCD using CCD itself. The colored elements in the figure correspond the pixels; In color cameras, they are usually filtered red, blue and green. Date: 10-Aug-08: Source ...
A photograph taken with a damaged image sensor. Similar defects can also occur in charge-coupled device (CCD) and CMOS image sensors in digital cameras. In these devices, defective pixels fail to sense light levels correctly, whereas defective pixels in LCDs fail to reproduce light levels correctly.
Without an applied current pulse to the gate of the SCR, the SCR is left in its forward blocking state. This makes the start of conduction of the SCR controllable. The delay angle α, which is the instant the gate current pulse is applied with respect to the instant of natural conduction (ωt = 0), controls the start of conduction.
The first digital camera to use a Foveon X3 sensor was the Sigma SD9, a digital SLR launched in 2002. [5] It used a 20.7 × 13.8 mm, 2268 x 1512 × 3 (3.54 × 3 MP) iteration of the sensor and was built on a Sigma-designed body using the Sigma SA mount.