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Lokivetmab, trade name Cytopoint, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat atopic dermatitis in dogs. [1] It acts against interleukin 31 (IL-31), [2] which is a cytokine involved in causing itchiness (pruritus). [2] Lokivetmab is administered by subcutaneous injection; each dose is effective for four to eight weeks. [3]
Therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive monoclonal antibodies are clones of a single parent cell. When used as drugs, the International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) end in -mab.
Oclacitinib, sold under the brand name Apoquel among others, is a veterinary medication used in the control of atopic dermatitis and pruritus from allergic dermatitis in dogs at least 12 months of age.
Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a form of cancer immunotherapy.The therapy targets immune checkpoints, key regulators of the immune system that when stimulated can dampen the immune response to an immunologic stimulus.
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Zoetis Inc. (/zō-EH-tis/ [4]) is an American drug company, the world's largest producer of medicine and vaccinations for pets and livestock. [5] [4] [6] The company was a subsidiary of Pfizer, [7] the world's largest drug maker, but with Pfizer's spinoff of its 83% interest in the firm it is now a completely independent company.
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Mild joint involvement can be effectively treated with NSAIDs, hydroxychloroquine, and oral prednisone. [ 71 ] [ 44 ] [ 25 ] Methotrexate has been observed to be useful in more severe cases. [ 72 ] If methotrexate is contraindicated, alternative disease-modifying medications for RA, such as leflunomide or azathioprine , may be used. [ 68 ]