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Spastic hemiplegia is a neuromuscular condition of spasticity that results in the muscles on one side of the body being in a constant state of contraction. It is the "one-sided version" of spastic diplegia. It falls under the mobility impairment umbrella of cerebral palsy. About 20–30% of people with cerebral palsy have spastic hemiplegia. [1]
Hemiplegia, in its most severe form, is the complete paralysis of one entire side of the body. Either hemiparesis or hemiplegia can result from a variety of medical causes, including congenital conditions, trauma, tumors, traumatic brain injury and stroke.
HSP is also known as hereditary spastic paraparesis, familial spastic paraplegia, French settlement disease, Strumpell disease, or Strumpell-Lorrain disease. The symptoms are a result of dysfunction of long axons in the spinal cord. The affected cells are the primary motor neurons; therefore, the disease is an upper motor neuron disease. [2]
Alternating hemiplegia (also known as crossed hemiplegia) is a form of hemiplegia that has an ipsilateral cranial nerve palsies and contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis of extremities of the body. The disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of paralysis on one side of the body. [ 1 ]
While there is no typical pattern of involvement, it is usually associated with paralysis of both legs and one arm—but can also involve both arms and one leg. [1] Triplegia can sometimes be considered a combination of hemiplegia (paralysis of arm and leg of one side of the body) overlaying diplegia (paralysis of both legs), or as quadriplegia ...
Hemiparesis – The loss of function to only one side of the body; Triparesis – Three limbs. This can either mean both legs and one arm, both arms and a leg, or a combination of one arm, one leg, and face; Double hemiparesis – All four limbs are involved, but one side of the body is more affected than the other; Tetraparesis – All four limbs
ICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Hypokinetic Movement disorders Poliomyelitis, [6] acute 045 A80 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS [6] (Lou Gehrig's disease) 335.20 G12.21 Parkinson's disease (Primary or Idiopathic Parkinsonism) 332 G20 Secondary Parkinsonism: G21 Parkinson plus syndromes: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration: G23.0
Muscle paresis or paralysis; Fibrillations; Fasciculations – caused by increased receptor concentration on muscles to compensate for lack of innervation. Hypotonia or atonia – Tone is not velocity dependent. Hyporeflexia - Along with deep reflexes even cutaneous reflexes are also decreased or absent.