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  2. Duchy of Parma and Piacenza - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma_and_Piacenza

    The Habsburgs only ruled until the conclusion of the War of the Austrian Succession in 1748, whose final peace treaty, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, ceded back the duchy to the Bourbons in the person of Infante Philip of Spain, younger brother of Charles I. Duke Philip became the founder of the House of Bourbon-Parma, reigning over an expanded ...

  3. History of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Duchy_of...

    The history of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a former state on the Italian Peninsula whose capital was the city of Parma, begins in 1545 and ends in 1860. The duchy was established due to nepotism practised by Pope Paul III and was initially governed by the Farnese family , to which the pontiff belonged.

  4. House of Bourbon-Parma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Parma

    The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, centered on the city of Parma. In 1556, the second Duke, Ottavio Farnese , was given the city of Piacenza , becoming thus also Duke of Piacenza , and so the state was thereafter ...

  5. Duke of Parma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Parma

    The Duke of Parma and Piacenza (Italian: duca di Parma e Piacenza) was the ruler of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a historical state of Northern Italy. It was created by Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese) for his son Pier Luigi Farnese. [1] It existed between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1859.

  6. Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of...

    Alexander Farnese (Italian: Alessandro Farnese, Spanish: Alejandro Farnesio; 27 August 1545 – 3 December 1592) was an Italian noble and condottiero, who was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1586 to 1592, as well as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1578 to 1592.

  7. Taro (department) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro_(department)

    Coat of arms of the French commune of Parma. Taro (French:) was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.It was named after the Taro River.It was formed in 1808, when the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza was annexed by France under the Treaty of Lunéville.

  8. House of Farnese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Farnese

    The House of Farnese (/ f ɑːr ˈ n eɪ z i,-z eɪ /, also US: /-eɪ s i /, [1] [2] Italian: [farˈneːze,-eːse]) was an influential family in Renaissance Italy.The titles of Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Duke of Latera and Duke of Castro were held by various members of the family.

  9. Amoretti Brothers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoretti_Brothers

    The Amoretti (San Pancrazio Parmense [], 18th to 19th centuries) were a family of type-engravers, printers, mechanics, and blacksmiths of the Duchy of Parma.They were initially friends and pupils of the printer Giambattista Bodoni, although they ultimately parted ways with him to establish their own printing house and type foundry in 1791, in direct competition with their mentor.