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DPMO is stated in opportunities per million units for convenience: processes that are considered highly capable (e.g., processes of Six Sigma quality) are those that experience fewer than 3.4 defects per million opportunities (or services provided).
For example, in the automotive industry, the Automotive Industry Action Group sets forth guidelines in the Production Part Approval Process, 4th edition for recommended C pk minimum values for critical-to-quality process characteristics. However, these criteria are debatable and several processes may not be evaluated for capability just because ...
Traditional six sigma methodology, DMAIC, has become a standard process optimization tool for the chemical process industries. However, it has become clear that [weasel words] the promise of six sigma, specifically, 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO), is simply unachievable after the fact. Consequently, there has been a growing ...
The input of a process usually has at least one or more measurable characteristics that are used to specify outputs. These can be analyzed statistically; where the output data shows a normal distribution the process can be described by the process mean (average) and the standard deviation.
The same example using first pass yield (FPY) would take into account rework: (# units leaving process A as good parts with no rework) / (# units put into the process) 100 units enter process A, 5 were reworked, and 90 leave as good parts. The FPY for process A is (90-5)/100 = 85/100 = 0.8500
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An important aspect of the Western Electric rules are the zone rules, designed to detect process instability, and the presence of assignable causes. [5] Data sets of observations are appraised by four basic rules, that categorize the occurrence of data samples in a set of zones defined by multiples of the standard deviation.
The control limits for this chart type are ¯ ¯ where ¯ is the estimate of the long-term process mean established during control-chart setup. The observations u i = x i n i {\displaystyle u_{i}={\frac {x_{i}}{n_{i}}}} are plotted against these control limits, where x i is the number of nonconformities for the ith subgroup and n i is the ...