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Attachment measures, or attachment assessments, are procedures used to assess the attachment system in children and adults. These procedures can assess patterns of attachment and individual self-protective strategies. Some assessments work across the several models of attachment and some are model-specific.
It assesses the child's generalized attachment pattern, self-protective strategies, pattern of information processing, level and type of risk, and possible unresolved trauma and loss. [60] It was initially developed in 1997 by Crittenden, has been tested in eight research studies, and is considered to provide discriminate validity.
[53] [55] In general, a child with an anxious-ambivalent pattern of attachment will typically explore little (in the Strange Situation) and is often wary of strangers, even when the parent is present. When the caregiver departs, the child is often highly distressed showing behaviours such as crying or screaming.
Attachment in children is "a biological instinct in which proximity to an attachment figure is sought when the child senses or perceives threat or discomfort. Attachment behaviour anticipates a response by the attachment figure which will remove threat or discomfort".
A child with the anxious-avoidant insecure attachment pattern will avoid or ignore the caregiver, showing little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns. The child will not explore very much regardless of who is there. Infants classified as anxious-avoidant (A) represented a puzzle in the early 1980s.
The working models of children found in Bowlby's attachment theory form a pattern of interaction that is likely to continue influencing adult relationships. [ 2 ] Investigators have explored the organization and the stability of mental working models that underlie these attachment styles.
Adult attachment disorder (AAD) develops in adults as the result of an attachment disorder, or reactive attachment disorder, that goes untreated in childhood.It begins with children who were not allowed proper relationships with parents or guardians early in their youth, [1] or were abused by an adult in their developmental stages in life.
Mary Main (1943 – January 6, 2023) was an American psychologist notable for her work in the field of attachment. A Professor at the University of California Berkeley, Main is particularly known for her introduction of the 'disorganized' infant attachment classification and for development of the Adult Attachment Interview and coding system for assessing states of mind regarding attachment.