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Synanceia is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Synanceiinae, the stonefish, which is classified within the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfish and relatives. Stonefish are the most venomous fish known; stings can be fatal to humans.
Synanceia verrucosa, the reef stonefish or simply stonefish, is a species of venomous, marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the subfamily Synanceiinae which is classified as being within the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives.
The stonefish, Synanceia verrucosa, has a diverse set of toxins that disrupts basic human ability. When injected with the toxins found in the dorsal fins of the fish, individuals will suffer from skeletal muscle paralysis , extreme pain, seizures , convulsions , respiratory arrest , and damage to the cardiovascular system . [ 1 ]
Scorpaenopsis diabolus, the false stonefish, false scorpionfish or the devil scorpionfish, [3] is a species of venomous marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. It has venomous spines and lives in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans as well as in the Red Sea.
Synanceiinae, or the family Synanceiidae, was first named and recognised as a grouping of related taxa by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1839. [1] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World treats this grouping as a subfamily within the family Scorpaenidae, dividing the subfamily into the three tribes: Minoini, Choridactylini and Synanceiini. [3]
Synanceia nana, the Red Sea stonefish or dwarf scorpionfish, is a species of venomous, marine ray-finned fish, a stonefish belonging to the subfamily Synanceiinae which is classified as being within the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. It is found in the northwestern Indian Ocean.
The blackfin stonefish has 15 to 17 spines and 4 to 6 soft rays in its dorsal fin, typical counts being 16 spines and 4 soft rays. There are 3 spines and 7 or 8 soft spines in the anal fin, 14-15 fin rays in the pectoral fin and a single spine and 5 soft rays in the pelvic fins. All the fin rays are simple and are not branched.
The pitted stonefish was first formally described as Synanceia erosa in 1829 by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier with the type locality given as "Seas of Japan". [3] In 1839 William Swainson placed it in the monotypic genus Erosa. [4] The genus is considered, by some, to include the daruma stinger (Dampierosa daruma).