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5α-Reductase (1, 2, 3) – androgen and neurosteroid synthesis, progestogen metabolism; 5β-Reductase – androgen and progestogen metabolism, neurosteroid synthesis; Conjugation (and deconjugation) Glucuronosyltransferase – steroid metabolism [6] Glucuronidase (β-glucuronidase) – steroid synthesis [7]
With immunoassay-based techniques, testosterone levels in premenopausal women have been found to be about 40 ng/dL (1.4 nmol/L) and DHT levels about 10 ng/dL (0.34 nmol/L). [5] [74] With radioimmunoassays, the ranges for testosterone and DHT levels in women have been found to be 20 to 70 ng/dL and 5 to 30 ng/dL, respectively. [74]
Research on women and testosterone has been limited, but as more is done, experts are seeing that the hormone affects the female sex drive, just as it does the male. It also plays an essential ...
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. [4] In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testicles and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.
Low testosterone in women leads to higher amounts of subcutaneous fat in the face, causing fuller cheeks. Males' skin is thicker and oilier than females' skin. [41] Females have more subcutaneous fat than males. This helps keep them warmer and enables them to survive lower temperatures than males during the cold. [42]
Cefazolin, also known as cefazoline and cephazolin, is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [2] Specifically it is used to treat cellulitis , urinary tract infections , pneumonia , endocarditis , joint infection , and biliary tract infections . [ 2 ]
The risk, incidence, and character of autoimmune disease in women may also be associated with female-specific physiological changes, such as hormonal shifts during menses, pregnancy, and menopause. [4] Common autoimmune symptoms experienced by both sexes include rashes, fevers, fatigue, and joint pain.
This activation can lead to symptoms of hyperandrogenism such as acne, hirsutism, polycystic ovarian syndrome, or prostate enlargement. In the canonical pathway, dihydrotestosterone is directly synthesized from testosterone by the enzyme 5α-reductase, primarily in tissues like the prostate gland, hair follicles, and skin.