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Dental intrusion is an apical displacement of the tooth into the alveolar bone. This injury is accompanied by extensive damage to periodontal ligament , cementum , disruption of the neurovascular supply to the pulp, and communication or fracture of the alveolar socket.
The incidence of traumatic dental injuries is 1–3%, and the prevalence is steady at 20–30%." [49] Almost 30% of the children in pre-school have mostly experienced trauma to primary teeth. Dental injuries involving the permanent teeth happen to almost 25% of children in school and 30% of adults.
Dental avulsion is the complete displacement of a tooth from its socket in alveolar bone owing to trauma, such as can be caused by a fall, road traffic accident, assault, sports, or occupational injury. [1] [2] Typically, a tooth is held in place by the periodontal ligament, which becomes torn when the tooth is knocked out. [3]
Occlusal trauma; Secondary occlusal trauma on X-ray film displays two lone-standing mandibular teeth, the lower left first premolar and canine. As the remnants of a once full complement of 16 lower teeth, these two teeth have been alone in opposing the forces associated with mastication for some time, as can be evidenced by the widened PDL surrounding the premolar.
Sports dentistry – the branch of sports medicine dealing with prevention and treatment of dental injuries and oral diseases associated with sports and exercise. [29] The sports dentist works as an individual consultant or as a member of the Sports Medicine Team. Veterinary dentistry – The field of dentistry applied to the care of animals.
Dental trauma is a major global health issue and it affects 17.5% of children and adolescents. [9] It is most commonly seen in school children. Dental subluxation is one of the most common traumatic injuries in primary dentition. Maxillary central incisors are the most commonly affected teeth.
Mandible fracture causes vary by the time period and the region studied. In North America, blunt force trauma (a punch) is the leading cause of mandible fracture [37] whereas in India, motor vehicle collisions are now a leading cause. [38] On battle grounds, it is more likely to be high velocity injuries (bullets and shrapnel). [39]
Dental check-ups should occur every six months. Children or adults who are incapable of caring for their own teeth should be assisted with oral hygiene in order to prevent tooth loss. [5] In contact sports, risk of mouth trauma and tooth injury is reduced by wearing mouthguards and helmets with a facemask (e.g., a football helmet, a goalie mask).