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Examples of some common cognitive distortions seen in depressed and anxious individuals. People may be taught how to identify and alter these distortions as part of cognitive behavioural therapy. John C. Gibbs and Granville Bud Potter propose four categories for cognitive distortions: self-centered , blaming others , minimizing-mislabeling ...
Perseverative cognition [1] [2] is a collective term in psychology for continuous thinking about negative events [3] in the past or in the future (e.g. worry, rumination and brooding, but also mind wandering about negative topics [4] [5]).
Restructuring is the act of therapeutically changing one's mindset to strengthen oneself—meaning that it always has a positive connotation. In this way, cognitive restructuring is a particular instance of cognitive reframing. Distortions are exaggerated and typically negative thoughts not supported by a rational thought process.
“Focusing on a task or thought that is pleasant or engaging, like a game on your phone, calling a friend, turning on the TV,” is sometimes all you need to shake the bad thoughts off, says ...
Perseveration of thought indicates an inability to switch ideas or responses. [6] An example of perseveration is, during a conversation, if an issue has been fully explored and discussed to a point of resolution, it is not uncommon for something to trigger the reinvestigation of the matter. This can happen at any time during a conversation.
Carrying out the compulsion reduces the anxiety, but each recurrence strengthens the urge to perform the compulsion, reinforcing the intrusive thoughts. [7] According to Lee Baer, suppressing the thoughts only makes them stronger, and recognizing that bad thoughts do not signify that one is truly evil is one of the steps to overcoming them. [13]
Splitting, also called binary thinking, dichotomous thinking, black-and-white thinking, all-or-nothing thinking, or thinking in extremes, is the failure in a person's thinking to bring together the dichotomy of both perceived positive and negative qualities of something into a cohesive, realistic whole.
The triad forms part of his cognitive theory of depression [4] and the concept is used as part of CBT, particularly in Beck's "Treatment of Negative Automatic Thoughts" (TNAT) approach. The triad involves "automatic, spontaneous and seemingly uncontrollable negative thoughts" about the self, the world or environment, and the future. [5]