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  2. Back-to-Africa movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-to-Africa_movement

    The back-to-Africa movement was a political movement in the 19th and 20th centuries advocating for a return of the descendants of African American slaves to the African continent. The small number of freed slaves who did settle in Africa—some under duress—initially faced brutal conditions, due to diseases to which they no longer had ...

  3. Reyita: The Life of a Black Cuban Woman in the Twentieth ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyita:_The_Life_of_a...

    After the massacre of Afro-Cuban leaders and strong groups, Reyita discusses her involvement with, Anti-colonialist Jamaican leader, Marcus Garvey's back-to-Africa movement in the 1920s. [3] In the 1940s Reyita mentions her community participation with the formation of the Popular Socialist Party, the then name of the Communist Party). She ...

  4. Pan-Africanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Africanism

    Pan-Africanism is said to have its origins in the struggles of the African people against enslavement and colonization [3] and this struggle may be traced back to the first resistance on slave ships—rebellions and suicides—through the constant plantation and colonial uprisings and the "Back to Africa" movements of the 19th century. Based on ...

  5. Alfred Sam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Sam

    He was supported by the African Pioneer, a journal of the Back-to-Africa movement, and persuaded hundreds of families to sell their possessions and invest in his scheme. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] By early 1914, some 500 black Americans were prepared to sail to Africa on Sam's ship, the former German steamer Curityba which he renamed the S.S. Liberia , [ 1 ...

  6. African Americans in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans_in_Africa

    The Back-to-Africa movement achieved popularity again with Jamaican activist Marcus Garvey and his Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League, who advocated racial pride amongst African-Americans in the United States and pressed for repatriation of slave descendants to Liberia and Sierra Leone.

  7. Black separatism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_separatism

    Conceptual breakdown of black separatism. In his discussion of black nationalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the historian Wilson Jeremiah Moses observes that "black separatism, or self-containment, which in its extreme form advocated the perpetual physical separation of the races, usually referred only to a simple institutional separatism, or the desire to see black ...

  8. Never-before-seen photo album of Adolf Hitler sold at auction

    www.aol.com/news/2017-03-13-never-before-seen...

    KENT, England, March 13 (Reuters) - An album containing never-before-seen candid photos of German Nazi party leader Adolf Hitler and party members will be auctioned on Wednesday, according to the ...

  9. Black Star Line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Star_Line

    The Black Star Line became a key part of Garvey's contribution to the Back-to-Africa movement, but it was mostly unsuccessful, partly due to infiltration by FBI agents. [2] It was only one among many businesses which the UNIA originated, such as the Universal Printing House, Negro Factories Corporation , and the widely distributed and highly ...