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With a restricted definition, each Farey sequence starts with the value 0, denoted by the fraction 0 / 1 , and ends with the fraction 1 / 1 . Ford circles can be constructed tangent to their neighbours, and to the x-axis at these points. Semicircles joining adjacent points on the x-axis pass through the points of contact at right ...
For example, in a polyhedron (3-dimensional polytope), a face is a facet, an edge is a ridge, and a vertex is a peak. Vertex figure: not itself an element of a polytope, but a diagram showing how the elements meet.
A stadium is a two-dimensional geometric shape constructed of a rectangle with semicircles at a pair of opposite sides. [1] The same shape is known also as a pill shape, [2] discorectangle, [3] obround, [4] [5] or sausage body. [6] The shape is based on a stadium, a place used for athletics and horse racing tracks.
The following is a list of centroids of various two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects. The centroid of an object in -dimensional space is the intersection of all hyperplanes that divide into two parts of equal moment about the hyperplane.
Packing circles in simple bounded shapes is a common type of problem in recreational mathematics. The influence of the container walls is important, and hexagonal packing is generally not optimal for small numbers of circles. Specific problems of this type that have been studied include: Circle packing in a circle; Circle packing in a square
Body of constant width (yellow) formed by intersecting disks (blue) centered on a semi-ellipse (black). The red circle shows a tangent circle to a supporting line, at a point of minimum curvature of the semi-ellipse. The eccentricity of the semi-ellipse in the figure is the maximum possible for this construction.
The isoperimetric problem has been extended in multiple ways, for example, to curves on surfaces and to regions in higher-dimensional spaces. Perhaps the most familiar physical manifestation of the 3-dimensional isoperimetric inequality is the shape of a drop of water. Namely, a drop will typically assume a symmetric round shape.
In probability and statistics, an elliptical distribution is any member of a broad family of probability distributions that generalize the multivariate normal distribution. Intuitively, in the simplified two and three dimensional case, the joint distribution forms an ellipse and an ellipsoid , respectively, in iso-density plots.