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  2. French Wars of Religion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion

    In 1559, the Italian wars between France and Spain ended with the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis. These wars had nearly bankrupted both countries. [ 43 ] Additionally, the death of Henry II in July 1559 created a political vacuum and an internal struggle for power between rival factions, which the 15-year-old Francis II lacked the ability to control.

  3. Edict of Nantes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes

    The Edict of Nantes helped to end the Wars of Religion in France, which had been raging for decades. It also ensured that the Protestant minority in France would have a measure of religious and political freedom, and helped to establish France as a more tolerant and pluralistic society.

  4. Edict of Fontainebleau - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Fontainebleau

    The 1787 edict was nonetheless a pivotal step in eliminating religious strife, and it officially ended religious persecution in France. [10] Moreover, when French revolutionary armies invaded other European countries between 1789 and 1815, they followed a consistent policy of emancipating persecuted or circumscribed religious communities (Roman ...

  5. St. Bartholomew's Day massacre - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Bartholomew's_Day_massacre

    The French Wars of Religion, 1562–1629. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521-35873-6. Holt, Mack P. (2005). The French Wars of Religion, 1562–1629. Cambridge University Press. Jouanna, Arlette (1998). Histoire et Dictionnaire des Guerres de Religion. Bouquins. Salmon, J.H.M (1979). Society in Crisis: France during the Sixteenth ...

  6. 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_French_law_on_the...

    The Politics of Secularism: Religion, Diversity, and Institutional Change in France and Turkey (Columbia University Press, 2017). Mayeur, Jean-Marie Mayeur and Madeleine Rebérioux. The Third Republic from its Origins to the Great War, 1871 - 1914 (1984) pp 227–44; Phillips, C.S. The Church in France, 1848-1907 (1936) Sabatier, Paul.

  7. European wars of religion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_wars_of_religion

    began as a religious war; quickly became a French–Habsburg political clash 2,000,000 [47] 4,000,000 [47] French Wars of Religion: France: 1562: 1598: 36 years: Protestants (mainly Reformed) against Catholics: began as a religious war, and largely remained such 315,000 [citation needed] 868,000 (616,000 in Ireland) [48] War of the Three Kingdoms

  8. Edict of Amboise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Amboise

    The Edict ended the first stage of the French Wars of Religion, inaugurating a period of official peace in France by guaranteeing the Huguenots religious privileges and freedoms. However, it was gradually undermined by continuing religious violence at a regional level and hostilities renewed in 1567.

  9. Peace of Longjumeau - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Longjumeau

    The Peace of Longjumeau (also known as the Treaty of Longjumeau or the Edict of Longjumeau) was signed on 23 March 1568 by Charles IX of France and Catherine de' Medici.The edict brought to an end the brief second French Wars of Religion with terms that largely confirmed those of the prior edict of Amboise.