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A Magic Triangle image mnemonic - when the terms of Ohm's law are arranged in this configuration, covering the unknown gives the formula in terms of the remaining parameters. It can be adapted to similar equations e.g. F = ma, v = fλ, E = mcΔT, V = π r 2 h and τ = rF sinθ.
Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal n̂, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.
In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.
Symbol Name Meaning SI unit of measure nabla dot : the divergence operator often pronounced "del dot" per meter (m −1) : nabla cross : the curl operator often pronounced "del cross"
The constants listed here are known values of physical constants expressed in SI units; that is, physical quantities that are generally believed to be universal in nature and thus are independent of the unit system in which they are measured.
In physics (specifically electromagnetism), Gauss's law, also known as Gauss's flux theorem (or sometimes Gauss's theorem), is one of Maxwell's equations. It is an application of the divergence theorem , and it relates the distribution of electric charge to the resulting electric field .
Standard Model of Particle Physics. The diagram shows the elementary particles of the Standard Model (the Higgs boson , the three generations of quarks and leptons , and the gauge bosons ), including their names, masses, spins, charges, chiralities, and interactions with the strong , weak and electromagnetic forces.
The ATM potential is given by: = [+ ()] where is the distance between atoms and , and is the angle between the vectors and .The coefficient is positive and of the order , where is the ionization energy and is the mean atomic polarizability; the exact value of depends on the magnitudes of the dipole matrix elements and on the energies of the orbitals.