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The Second Triumvirate was an extraordinary commission and magistracy created at the end of the Roman republic for Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian to give them practically absolute power. It was formally constituted by law on [ 1 ] 27 November 43 BC with a term of five years; it was renewed in 37 BC for another five years before expiring in ...
The Proscribed Royalist, 1651, painted by John Everett Millais c. 1853, in which a Puritan woman hides a fleeing Royalist proscript in the hollow of a tree. Proscription (Latin: proscriptio) is, in current usage, a 'decree of condemnation to death or banishment' (Oxford English Dictionary) and can be used in a political context to refer to state-approved murder or banishment.
The Caesarian faction quickly gained control of the state, [5] inaugurated the Second Triumvirate (comprising Caesar's adopted son Octavian and the dictator's two most important supporters, Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus), purged their political enemies, and successfully defeated the assassins in the Liberators' civil war at the Battle ...
Crassus' new wealth enabled him to have a very successful career; he joined the three-way alliance later called the First Triumvirate in 59. [44] Although ancient sources are mostly silent on wealth transfers during the proscription, one of the wealthiest men of the Republic like Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus must have benefited from it.
This commission, known today as the Second Triumvirate, would be ratified by the lex Titia. The alliance would be further consummated by Octavian's marriage to Antony's step-daughter. [ 49 ] Within the year, the triumvirs started a series of proscriptions where prominent wealthy men and political enemies were marked for death: among them were ...
Cicero, who was killed on the orders of Antony, was the most high-profile victim of the triumvirate's proscriptions. [ 26 ] In the power struggles ensuing many years later, Octavian would eventually defeat Antony and Cleopatra at Actium in 31 BC and usher in the Principate , but Mutina was the milestone where Octavian first established himself ...
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (/ ˈ l ɛ p ɪ d ə s /; c. 89 BC – late 13 or early 12 BC) [2] was a Roman general and statesman who formed the Second Triumvirate alongside Octavian and Mark Antony during the final years of the Roman Republic. Lepidus had previously been a close ally of Julius Caesar.
The triumvirate established by the law was then renewed in 38 BC. Unlike the so-called First Triumvirate , which was a private arrangement among three men, the Second Triumvirate was a legal instrument which created a formal legal framework to empower the three triumvirs with practically absolute power.