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For example, states Brekke, the legends in Hindu epics preach heroism qua heroism which is in contrast to Kautilya suggestion of prudence and never forgetting the four Hindu goals of human life, while Kamandaki's Nitisara, which is similar to Kautilya's Arthashastra, is among other Hindu classics on statecraft and foreign policy that suggest ...
Kautilya's works were lost near the end of the Gupta Empire in the sixth century CE and not rediscovered until the early 20th century, when the Arthashastra was discovered in 1905 by librarian Rudrapatna Shamasastry in an uncatalogued group of ancient palm-leaf manuscripts donated by an unknown pandit to the Oriental Research Institute Mysore. [53]
Vishnugupta, popularly known as Chanakya or Kautilya, the architect of the Mauryan Empire in the fourth century BCE, theorized further, working on this basic dictum, and brought out a treatise called "Kautilya’s Arthashastra" meaning a treatise on Public Administration the first such document in India.
Kautilya mentioned four Upayas - Sama, Dana or Dama, Danda and Bheda as ways to solve state politics to avoid conflicts and war situations (Arthashastra 2.10.47). [5] This phrase is also commonly used when you need to find a solution to a problem anyhow. Sāma, the first step, means conciliation or alliances.
During 313 BC, in the Mauryan period Kautilya created the treatise called Kautilya Arthashastra.He laid down the qualifications for appointments of civil servants. During 1000–1600 AD, in the medieval period, Akbar the Great nurtured the civil service.
In 1905, Shamasastry discovered the Arthashastra among a heap of manuscripts. He transcribed, edited and published the Sanskrit edition in 1909. He proceeded to translate it into English, publishing it in 1915. [3] The manuscript was in the Early Grantha script. Other copies of the Arthashastra were discovered later in other parts of India.
The ancient Indian philosopher Chanakya (Kautilya), who was also the chief advisor of the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya, used this theory in his treatise Arthashastra to describe why a state should enhance its size and security. According to Chanakya, in absence of government or rule of law, the human society will degenerate into a state ...
Ratan Lal Basu (Bengali: রতন লাল বসু; born 23 December 1948) is an economist and English fiction author. Most of his books and articles in economics are based on ancient Indian economic ideas, especially embedded in the epics (Ramayana and Mahabharata), dharmasastras and Arthasastra of Kautilya and their modern relevance.