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Acetophenone is formed as a byproduct of the cumene process, the industrial route for the synthesis of phenol and acetone.In the Hock rearrangement of isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, migration of a methyl group rather than the phenyl group gives acetophenone and methanol as a result of an alternate rearrangement of the intermediate:
The initial product is a thioamide for example that of acetophenone [7] which can again be hydrolyzed to the amide. The reaction is named after Karl Kindler The Kindler modification of the Willgerodt rearrangement. A possible reaction mechanism for the Kindler variation is depicted below: [8]
[10] 2-Naphthol can also be produced by a method analogous to the cumene process. [11] 3-Chlorophenol, which does not arise by chlorination of phenol, can be produced by cumene process beginning with the alkylation of chlorobenzene with propylene. [12] Cresols are produced from isopropyltoluene. [13]
Organic Synthesis requires many steps to separate and purify products. Depending on the chemical state of the product to be isolated, different techniques are required. For liquid products, a very common separation technique is liquid–liquid extraction and for solid products, filtration (gravity or vacuum) can be used. [15] [16]
Products of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and 2-phenylpropan-2-ol. [3] It is produced by treatment of cumene with oxygen, an autoxidation. At temperatures >100 °C, oxygen is passed through liquid cumene: [4] C 6 H 5 (CH 3) 2 CH + O 2 → C 6 H 5 (CH 3) 2 COOH. Dicumyl peroxide is a side product.
The Bischler–Möhlau indole synthesis, also often referred to as the Bischler indole synthesis, [1] is a chemical reaction that forms a 2-aryl-indole from an α-bromo-acetophenone and excess aniline; it is named after August Bischler and Richard Möhlau [].
Phenacyl chloride, also commonly known as chloroacetophenone, is a substituted acetophenone.It is a useful building block in organic chemistry.Apart from that, it has been historically used as a riot control agent, where it is designated CN. [5]
Chalcone is usually prepared by an aldol condensation between benzaldehyde and acetophenone. [ 6 ] This reaction, which can be carried out without any solvent, is so reliable that it is often given as an example of green chemistry in undergraduate education.