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Reserve army of labour is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy. [1] It refers to the unemployed and underemployed in capitalist society . It is synonymous with "industrial reserve army" or "relative surplus population", except that the unemployed can be defined as those actually looking for work and that the relative surplus ...
Benston was the first to argue that women formed a reserve army of labour, a group that could be manipulated in a certain way because women are responsible for the reproduction of labour power. She argued that women's domestic and wage labour were essential to the flow of capitalist production and that women could not be fully integrated into ...
Out of preceding characteristics of the capitalist mode of production, the basic class structure of this mode of production society emerges: a class of owners and managers of private capital assets in industries and on the land, a class of wage and salary earners, a permanent reserve army of labour consisting of unemployed people and various ...
Instead he described the lumpenproletariat as part of the what he called an "industrial reserve army", which capitalists used as times required. Thus "vagabonds, criminals, prostitutes" and other lumpenproletariat formed an element within the "surplus population" in a capitalist system.
The National Labor Union (NLU), founded in 1866, was the first national labor federation in the United States. It was dissolved in 1872. It was dissolved in 1872. The regional Order of the Knights of St. Crispin was founded in the northeast in 1867 and claimed 50,000 members by 1870, by far the largest union in the country.
In Marx's finished theory of value, the "value" of a commodity turns out to be the social valuation of its average, current replacement cost in labour time (a synchronic economic reproduction cost) [56] but this particular labour requirement turns out to be quite a different quantity than either "labour embodied" in production (the actual ...
Labor army is a term used in 1920 to describe Soviet soldiers who were moved from military jobs to physical labor jobs. Labor army or Labor Army may also refer to: Informal reference to NKVD labor columns, Soviet Union, 1941–1946; Reserve army of labour, a term invented by Karl Marx about the unemployed and under-employed in capitalist society
In sociology and economics, the precariat (/ p r ɪ ˈ k ɛər i ə t /) is a social class formed by people suffering from precarity, which means existing without predictability or security, affecting material or psychological welfare. The term is a portmanteau merging precarious with proletariat. [1]