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This organic reaction can be employed to convert α-haloester and ketone or aldehyde to a β-hydroxyester. Acid is needed to protonate the resulting alkoxide during work up. The initial step is an oxidative addition of zinc metal into the carbon-halogen bond, thus forming a carbon-zinc enolate.
Clemmensen reduction is a chemical reaction described as a reduction of ketones or aldehydes to alkanes using zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). [1] [2] This reaction is named after Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish-American chemist. [3] Scheme 1: Reaction scheme of Clemmensen Reduction.
Lucas test: negative (left) with ethanol and positive with t-butanol "Lucas' reagent" is a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid.This solution is used to classify alcohols of low molecular weight.
Hydrochloric acid: a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses Hydrofluoric acid: valued source of fluorine, precursor to numerous pharmaceuticals; highly corrosive Hydrogen peroxide: an oxidizer commonly used as a bleach Imidazole: an organic compound; this aromatic heterocyclic is a diazole and is classified as an alkaloid
Zinc compounds are chemical compounds containing the element zinc which is a member of the group 12 of the periodic table. The oxidation state of zinc in most compounds is the group oxidation state of +2. Zinc may be classified as a post-transition main group element with zinc(II). Zinc compounds are noteworthy for their nondescript appearance ...
It is assumed that the reported solubility of zinc aspartate in diluted hydrochloric acid will allow its dissociation and absorption in the stomach. However, it was not clear if further absorption could take place in the intestine considering its reported insolubility in water. [2]
Strong acids, such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, can remove the passivating layer and the subsequent reaction with the acid releases hydrogen gas. [51] Zinc chemistry resembles that of the late first-row transition metals, nickel and copper, [53] as well as certain main group elements.
Sweet potato, tomato, potato, beans, lentils, dairy products, seafood, banana, prune, carrot, orange [21] hypokalemia / hyperkalemia: Chlorine: 2300 3600; NE: Needed for production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, in cellular pump functions and required in host defense Table salt (sodium chloride) is the main dietary source. hypochloremia ...