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A coke oven at a smokeless fuel plant, Abercwmboi, South Wales, 1976. The industrial production of coke from coal is called coking. The coal is baked in an airless kiln, a "coke furnace" or "coking oven", at temperatures as high as 2,000 °C (3,600 °F) but usually around 1,000–1,100 °C (1,800–2,000 °F). [2]
Coking is the process of heating coal in the absence of oxygen to a temperature above 600 °C (1,112 °F) to drive off the volatile components of the raw coal, leaving behind a hard, strong, porous material with a high carbon content called coke. Coke is predominantly carbon. Its porous structure provides a high surface area, allowing it to ...
Coke's impurities were more of a problem before hot blast reduced the amount of coke required and before furnace temperatures were hot enough to make slag from limestone free flowing. (Limestone ties up sulfur. Manganese may also be added to tie up sulfur.) [53]: 123–125 [54] [55] [46]: 122–123
A coking factory or a coking plant is where coke and manufactured gas are synthesized from coal using a dry distillation process. The volatile components of the pyrolyzed coal, released by heating to a temperature of between 900 °C and 1,400 °C, are generally drawn off and recovered. There are also coking plants where the released components ...
Electric arc furnace. An electric arc furnace (the large cylinder) being tapped. Rendering of exterior and interior of an electric arc furnace. An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats material by means of an electric arc. Industrial arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one-tonne capacity (used in foundries ...
A 4-drum delayed coking unit in a petroleum refinery. A delayed coker is a type of coker whose process consists of heating a residual oil feed to its thermal cracking temperature in a furnace with multiple parallel passes. This cracks the heavy, long chain hydrocarbon molecules of the residual oil into coker gas oil and petroleum coke. [1][2][3]
Petroleum coke, abbreviated coke, pet coke or petcoke, is a final carbon -rich solid material that derives from oil refining, and is one type of the group of fuels referred to as cokes. Petcoke is the coke that, in particular, derives from a final cracking process—a thermo-based chemical engineering process that splits long chain hydrocarbons ...
Eighteenth-century coke blast furnaces in Shropshire, England. Metallurgical coal or coking coal[1] is a grade of coal that can be used to produce good-quality coke. Coke is an essential fuel and reactant in the blast furnace process for primary steelmaking. [2][3][4] The demand for metallurgical coal is highly coupled to the demand for steel.