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A hypocaust (Latin: hypocaustum) is a system of central heating in a building that produces and circulates hot air below the floor of a room, and may also warm the walls with a series of pipes through which the hot air passes. This air can warm the upper floors as well. [1] The word derives from the Ancient Greek hypo meaning "under" and caust ...
Pilae stacks in the Roman Baths at Bath, England. Pilae stacks are stacks of pilae tiles, square or round tiles, that were used in Roman times as an element of the underfloor heating system, [1] common in Roman bathhouses, called the hypocaust. The concept of the pilae stacks is that the floor is constructed at an elevated position, allowing ...
The praefurnium contains the wood-fired furnaces of the Roman baths and is generally placed at a lower level of the premises to be heated, in order to facilitate the diffusion of heat. The water is heated in copper or bronze tanks above the furnace combustion chamber. There may be one single or several heating rooms, depending on the number of ...
The walls and floors of the warm and hot rooms were heated by a hypocaust heating system – the earliest surviving example from the Roman world. [16] The heat was produced from a single furnace, and circulated in the space under the floors, which were raised on tile pillars.
Underfloor heating and cooling is a form of central heating and cooling that achieves indoor climate control for thermal comfort using hydronic or electrical heating elements embedded in a floor. Heating is achieved by conduction, radiation and convection. Use of underfloor heating dates back to the Neoglacial and Neolithic periods.
Tepidarium. The tepidarium was the warm (tepidus) bathroom of the Roman baths heated by a hypocaust or underfloor heating system. The speciality of a tepidarium is the pleasant feeling of constant radiant heat, which directly affects the human body from the walls and floor. There is an interesting example at Pompeii; this was covered with a ...
A caldarium (also called a calidarium, cella caldaria or cella coctilium) was a room with a hot plunge bath, used in a Roman bath complex. This was a very hot and steamy room heated by a hypocaust, an underfloor heating system using tunnels with hot air, heated by a furnace tended by slaves. This was the hottest room in the regular sequence of ...
Model of the house in its monumental heyday, seen from the south The hypocaust room and the succession of rooms in the east wing. Some rooms within the domicile were equipped with a hypocaust heating system, with a praefurnium situated nearby. One heated room, measuring 3.20 m by 4.80 m, exhibited a rich decorative scheme centered on an Eastern ...