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Black dwarf. A black dwarf is a theoretical stellar remnant, specifically a white dwarf that has cooled sufficiently to no longer emit significant heat or light. Because the time required for a white dwarf to reach this state is calculated to be longer than the current age of the universe (13.8 billion years), no black dwarfs are expected to ...
In red dwarf systems, gigantic stellar flares which could double a star's brightness in minutes [92] and huge starspots which can cover 20% of the star's surface area, [93] have the potential to strip an otherwise habitable planet of its atmosphere and water. [94] As with more massive stars, though, stellar evolution changes their nature and ...
Blue giant. In astronomy, a blue giant is a hot star with a luminosity class of III (giant) or II (bright giant). In the standard Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, these stars lie above and to the right of the main sequence. The term applies to a variety of stars in different phases of development, all evolved stars that have moved from the main ...
A star of less than about half the mass of the Sun will be unable to ignite helium fusion (as noted earlier), and will produce a white dwarf composed chiefly of helium. In the end, all that remains is a cold dark mass sometimes called a black dwarf. However, the universe is not old enough for any black dwarfs to exist yet.
K-type main-sequence star. 0.6 M☉ to 0.9 M☉. A K-type main-sequence star, also referred to as a K-type dwarf, or orange dwarf, is a main-sequence (hydrogen -burning) star of spectral type K and luminosity class V. These stars are intermediate in size between red M-type main-sequence stars ("red dwarfs") and yellow/white G-type main-sequence ...
The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram showing the location of main sequence dwarf stars and white dwarfs. A dwarf star is a star of relatively small size and low luminosity. Most main sequence stars are dwarf stars. The meaning of the word "dwarf" was later extended to some star-sized objects that are not stars, and compact stellar remnants that ...
tude. (MV) A B-type main-sequence star (B V) is a main-sequence (hydrogen -burning) star of spectral type B and luminosity class V. These stars have from 2 to 16 times the mass of the Sun and surface temperatures between 10,000 and 30,000 K. [1] B-type stars are extremely luminous and blue. Their spectra have strong neutral helium absorption ...
Compact object. In astronomy, the term compact object (or compact star) refers collectively to white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes. It could also include exotic stars if such hypothetical, dense bodies are confirmed to exist. All compact objects have a high mass relative to their radius, giving them a very high density, compared to ...