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Minimal residual disease (MRD), also known as Molecular residual disease, is the name given to small numbers of cancer cells that remain in a person either during or after treatment when the patient is in remission (no symptoms or signs of disease). Sensitive molecular tests are either in development or available to test for MRD.
Acute urinary retention is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment. The pain can be excruciating when urine is not able to flow out. Moreover, one can develop severe sweating, chest pain, anxiety and high blood pressure. Other patients may develop a shock-like condition and may require admission to a hospital.
Derived from the Latin word meaning "sequel", it is used in the medical field to mean a complication or condition following a prior illness or disease. [4] A typical sequela is a chronic complication of an acute condition—in other words, a long-term effect of a temporary disease or injury—which follows immediately from the condition.
Residual tumour at the primary site after treatment (it does not address the surgical margin as commonly believed) is classified by the pathologist as (AJCC 8th Edition): R0 - no cancer cells seen microscopically at the primary tumour site. R1 - cancer cells present microscopically at the primary tumour site.
Functional residual capacity (FRC) is the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration. [1] At FRC, the opposing elastic recoil forces of the lungs and chest wall are in equilibrium and there is no exertion by the diaphragm or other respiratory muscles.
Tenesmus indicates the feeling of a residue, and is not always correlated with the actual presence of residual fecal matter in the rectum. It is frequently painful and may be accompanied by involuntary straining and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Tenesmus has both a nociceptive and a neuropathic component.
A volume of greater than 50 ml in children has been described as constituting post-void residual urine. [6] High levels can be associated with overflow incontinence. The urine is often sent for microscopy and culture to check for infection. Uroflowmetry: Free uroflowmetry measures how fast the patient can empty his/her bladder.
Measurement of post-void residual by medical ultrasound is an easy procedure that is sufficient in most cases. Patients with this condition presenting additionally with hydronephrosis, stage 3 chronic kidney disease, or recurrent urinary tract infection or urosepsis were considered as high risk groups.