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The second generation born in a country (i.e. "third generation" in the above definition) In the United States, among demographers and other social scientists, "second generation" refers to the U.S.-born children of foreign-born parents. [14] The term second-generation immigrant attracts criticism due to it being an oxymoron.
Under federal law, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, [41] the number of first-generation immigrants living in the United States has increased, [42] from 9.6 million in 1970 to about 38 million in 2007. [43] Around a million people legally immigrated to the United States per year in the 1990s, up from 250,000 per year in the 1950s. [44]
In 1998, Rumbaut was elected to the Sociological Research Association. In 2002, Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation, [11] won both the American Sociological Association's top award for Distinguished Scholarship and the Thomas and Znaniecki Award for best book in the immigration field. [12]
During the American colonial period, British colonial officials conducted censuses in some of the Thirteen Colonies that included enumerations by race. [1] In addition, tax lists and other reports provided additional data and information about the racial demographics of the Thirteen Colonies during this time period.
The ban on immigration produced unusually well-defined generational groups within the Japanese American community. Initially, there was an immigrant generation, the Issei, and their U.S.-born children, the Nisei Japanese American. The Issei were exclusively those who had immigrated before 1924.
A major wave of immigration to California from the region of Punjab took place in the first decade of the 20th century. Another significant wave followed in the 1950s which mainly included students and professionals. The elimination of immigration quotas in 1965 spurred successively larger waves of immigrants in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Canada receives its immigrant population from almost 200 countries. Statistics Canada projects that immigrants will represent between 29.1% and 34.0% of Canada's population in 2041, compared with 23.0% in 2021, [1] while the Canadian population with at least one foreign born parent (first and second generation persons) could rise to between 49.8% and 54.3%, up from 44.0% in 2021.
First and second generation immigrants and the third generation were 34.5% of the population aged 0–50. [25] As the result of immigration from overseas, the Netherlands have a sizeable minority of non-indigenous peoples. There is also a considerable level of emigration, in majority consisting of former immigrants.