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In enzymology, a carboxylate reductase (EC 1.2.99.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. an aldehyde + acceptor + H 2 O a carboxylate + reduced acceptor. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde, acceptor, and H 2 O, whereas its two products are carboxylate and reduced acceptor.
Carboxylate ion Acrylate ion. In organic chemistry, a carboxylate is the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid, RCOO − (or RCO − 2). It is an anion, an ion with negative charge. Carboxylate salts are salts that have the general formula M(RCOO) n, where M is a metal and n is 1, 2,....
Transition metal salts, especially copper compounds, [9] facilitate decarboxylation via carboxylate complex intermediates. Metals that catalyze cross-coupling reactions thus treat aryl carboxylates as an aryl anion synthon; this synthetic strategy is the decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction. [10]
The Vilsmaier reagent (N,N-Dimethyl(chloromethylene)ammonium chloride; [ClHC=N + (CH 3) 2]Cl −) is a highly chemoselective agent for carboxylic acid reduction. It selectively activates the carboxylic acid to give the carboxymethyleneammonium salt, which can be reduced by a mild reductant like lithium tris( t -butoxy)aluminum hydride to afford ...
The Bouveault–Blanc reduction, employing a mixture of sodium metal in the presence of alcohols, was an early method for reduction of carbonyls. [32] It is now largely obsolete. Subsequent to the discovery of the Bouveault–Blanc reduction, many methods were developed, including the major breakthrough of catalytic hydrogenation where H 2 ...
Using a carboxylate-to-iodine ratio of 1:1 leads to an alkyl iodide product, in line with Borodin's findings and the modern understanding of the Hunsdiecker reaction. However, a 2:1 ratio favours the formation of an ester product that arises from decarboxylation of one carboxylate and coupling the resulting alkyl chain with the other. [9] [10]
Carboxylation is a chemical reaction in which a carboxylic acid is produced by treating a substrate with carbon dioxide. [1] The opposite reaction is decarboxylation.In chemistry, the term carbonation is sometimes used synonymously with carboxylation, especially when applied to the reaction of carbanionic reagents with CO 2.
In the Tishchenko reaction, the base used is an alkoxide rather than hydroxide, and the product is an ester rather than the separate alcohol and carboxylate groups. After the nucleophilic base attacks an aldehyde, the resulting new oxygen anion attacks another aldehyde to give a hemiacetal linkage between two of the formerly aldehyde-containing ...