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The presidential system and the parliamentary system can also be blended into a semi-presidential system. Under such a system, executive power is shared by an elected head of state (a president) and a legislature-appointed head of government (a prime minister or premier).
It differs from a parliamentary system in that it has an executive president independent from the legislature; and from the presidential system in that the cabinet, although named by the president, is responsible to the legislature, which may force the cabinet to resign through a motion of no confidence. [23] [24] [25] [26]
Semi-presidential republic: A semi-presidential republic is a government system with power divided between a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government, used in countries like France, Portugal, and Egypt. The president, elected by the people, symbolizes national unity and foreign policy while the prime minister is ...
The indirect election of the president through the electoral college conforms to the concept of the republic as one with a system of indirect election. In the opinion of some, direct election confers legitimacy upon the president and gives the office much of its political power. [ 56 ]
Two-round system: Democratic Republic of the Congo: President: Head of State First-past-the-post: Senate: Upper chamber of legislature Elected by provincial parliaments (108 seats) Senator for life (variable seats) National Assembly: Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation; First-past-the-post; Republic of the Congo ...
A republican system of government is established and the authority of the King of Spain is completely eliminated. Paraguay: 12 October 1813: Republic proclaimed after independence from Spain on 14 May 1811 Argentina: 9 July 1816: Independence won from the Spanish Empire. Republican governments established from 1811 onwards.
Flowchart of the U.S. federal political system. The United States is a constitutional federal republic, in which the president (the head of state and head of government), Congress, and judiciary share powers reserved to the national government, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments.
Nearly all modern Western-style democracies function as some type of representative democracy: for example, the United Kingdom (a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy), Germany (a federal parliamentary republic), France (a unitary semi-presidential republic), and the United States (a federal presidential republic). [2]