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The biceps or biceps brachii (Latin: musculus biceps brachii, "two-headed muscle of the arm") is a large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. Both heads of the muscle arise on the scapula and join to form a single muscle belly which is attached to the upper forearm.
The bicipital groove separates the greater tubercle from the lesser tubercle. [1] It is usually around 8 cm long and 1 cm wide in adults. [1] It lodges the long tendon of the biceps brachii muscle between the tendon of the pectoralis major muscle on the lateral lip and the tendon of the teres major muscle on the medial lip.
This also assists the biceps brachii. [2] The brachioradialis is a stronger elbow flexor when the forearm is in a midposition between supination and pronation at the radioulnar joint. When pronated, the brachioradialis is more active during elbow flexion since the biceps brachii is in a mechanical disadvantage.
The brachialis muscle is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve, which runs on its superficial surface, between it and the biceps brachii. [2] However, in 70-80% of people, the muscle has double innervation with the radial nerve (C5-T1). The divide between the two innervations is at the insertion of the deltoid. [3]
The biceps brachii primarily serves to supinate the forearm at the elbow joint. [1] The muscle belly is composed of two heads. The short head is more medial and highlighted in green. The long head is more lateral and highlighted in red. A biceps tendon rupture or bicep tear is a complete or partial rupture of a tendon of the biceps brachii muscle.
The bicipital aponeurosis originates from the distal insertion of the biceps brachii, and inserts into the deep fascia of the forearm. [1] The biceps tendon inserts on the radial tuberosity, and the bicipital aponeurosis lies medially to it. [2] It reinforces the cubital fossa, helping to protect the brachial artery and the median nerve running ...
pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, anterior fibers of deltoid. Arm extension [15] The humerus is rotated out of the plane of the torso so that it points backwards (posteriorly) latissimus dorsi and teres major, long head of triceps, posterior fibers of the deltoid Medial rotation of the arm [16]
[1] [3] [4] The trapezius, infraspinatus, and brachialis muscles are most active at the beginning of the pull-up; the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and biceps brachii reach peak activity during the middle of the movement, and the triceps brachii and subscapularis experienced maximum activity at the top of the movement. [5]