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A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.
A caliphate (Arabic: خِلَافَةْ, romanized: khilāfah) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph [1] [2] [3] (/ ˈ k æ l ɪ f, ˈ k eɪ-/; خَلِيفَةْ khalīfa [xæ'liːfæh], pronunciation ⓘ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim ...
List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language; Medieval Muslim Algeria; Middle Ages; Military history of Iran; Muhammad; Muhammad ibn al-Qasim; Ottoman Caliphate; Political aspects of Islam; Pre-Islamic Arabia; Rashidun Caliphate; Science in the medieval Islamic world; Slavery in medieval Europe; Sokoto Caliphate ...
The first-ever establishment of an Islamic polity goes back to the Islamic State of Medina, which was established by Muhammad in the city of Medina in 622 CE. Following his death in 632 CE, his immediate successors established the Rashidun Caliphate .
The following list specifies territories (which later became independent states) where Arabic was the official language when these territories were parts of the Umayyad Caliphate. During the reign of the fifth Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik , Arabic became the official language of the Umayyad Caliphate.
Third Largest city in Al-Qassim: Ras Tanura: 57,030 (2022) Eastern Province Rumah: Raghbah: Ranyah: 28,681 (2022) Riyadh: 7,000,100 (2022) Capital and largest city Riyadh Al-Khabra: 25,588 (2022) Historical city best known for trading and goods exchange Rumailah: 10,000 (2006) Small village in Al-Hasa: Sabt Al Alaya: Sabya: 72,086 (2022) Sarat ...
Caliph al-Mutawakkil (847–861) had created a plan of succession that would allow his sons to inherit the caliphate after his death; he would be succeeded first by his eldest son, al-Muntasir, then by al-Mu'tazz and third by al-Mu'ayyad. [12] However, Al-Muntasir tried to change it and he almost succeeded in it. Decline of the Abbasid Caliphate
Arab world; Caliphate; Arabian Peninsula; List of Muslim states and dynasties, most notably: Caliphate of Córdoba; Ayyubid dynasty This page was last edited on 27 ...